The large, northern, multi-river Piura, Lambayeque and Jequetepeque valleys contrast with the much smaller southern Chicama, Moche, Virú and Santa valleys. As with most coastal societies, the Mochicas can be understood as a truly successful adaptation to the coastal environment, where maritime resources were combined with an advanced agriculture based on irrigation technology. The Mochicas (also called the Moche) developed as independent and interacting polities in the northern valleys of coastal Peru between AD 200 and 850 (Figure 36.1). This greater specialization and its control through residential units at the site allow us to hold that the specialists were associated with corporate groups and that this new system of social and productive organization was produced as consequence of the collapse of the theocratic structure of Moche society this resulted in attempts by this society to look for a new social model, one that was more civic, and in which urban groups began to acquire a greater economic power.

Four following lines of evidence allow us to establish that they are centers of specialized production: (1) these centers are placed in definite spaces within a multifunctional residential area (2) the productive activities are repeated on more than two occupational floors (3) the volume of production is far greater than the needs of family consumption other products, given their quality and symbolism, were produced for members of the Moche elite, and (4) production instruments and products from several production steps have been registered. The excavations of the three last occupational floors of the Urban Nucleus at Huacas of the Sun and the Moon in the Moche Valley have allowed us to register at least four craft production centers.

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